The APSIM model adequately simulated agroecosystem dynamics, resulting in the following RMSE values: anthesis (1.2 days), maturity (2.0 days), maximum LAI (0.18 m 2m −2) total-biomass (543 kg ha −1), grain yield (318 kg ha −1), N uptake (12.6 kg ha −1), P uptake (2.2 kg ha −1) and in-season soil water content (0.01 mm). Field experiments were set-up in a randomized complete block design with different levels of N (0–120 kg N ha −1) and P (0–30 kg P 2O 5 ha −1) mineral fertilizer. The response of maize to inorganic nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) additions were determined in the coastal savannah agro-ecology in the main rainy and secondary rainy seasons, of 20. This study set out to (1) calibrate and evaluate the performance of APSIM in simulating maize response to N, P and residue management and (2) identify strategies to reduce instability in crop production, and increase the efficiency of mineral fertilizer use.
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